Below are the answers for the more complex exercises.

Exercise 1

Using the following sentences adapted from Judith Freeman’s The Long Embrace, 1) punctuate the sentence correctly using the 11 rules for punctuation, and 2) explain your punctuation choices with reference to the rules. DO NOT add words or periods to the sentences; each sentence can be punctuated as a single unit.

War broke out, and he and Cissy continued their pattern of moving constantly from place to place.

Independent clause, coordinating conjunction independent clause.

My reaction may be uncharitable; they just make me sick.

Independent clause; independent clause

The next morning I took a taxi to the Church of the Transfiguration at Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street, also known as The Little Church Around the Corner, where Cissy Hurlburt had married Leon Brown Porcher in December 1897.

Independent clause, nonrestrictive phrase, nonrestrictive phrase.

She was often ill; suffering from bronchitis and pneumonia, no doubt she had been a lifelong smoker, and he began going out in the evening without her.

Independent clause; adverbial participle phrase, independent clause, coordinating conjunction independent clause.

Not willing to accept this situation, Ray, who had no doubt been drinking, went into the bedroom and tried to pull Mrs. Philleo out of bed.

Adverbial participle phrase, independent, nonrestrictive clause, clause.

Natasha met Raymond Chandler in April 1955 a few months after Cissy’s death and a few weeks after Chandler, distraught over his loss, had tried to commit suicide.

Independent, nonrestrictive phrase, clause.

Ray worked a little longer in Hollywood trying to adapt his novel Lady in the Lake for the screen, but he got disgusted with the project, and he walked.

Independent clause, coordinating conjunction independent clause, coordinating conjunction independent clause.

Bogart had a sense of humor that fit with Marlowe.

Independent clause restrictive relative clause.

The last time I visited the house, holes had begun appearing in the floor here and there from Kevin cutting through the wood to check the state of the foundation.

Adverbial dependent clause, independent clause.

Neil Morgan, the young journalist who worked for the San Diego Tribune, had become one of Ray’s closest friends.

Independent, nonrestrictive clause, clause.

Exercise 2

• Identify all sentences as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex

1. An important theme of this book is that the way we eat represents our most profound engagement with the natural world.
   Complex
2.  As we eat every day, we transform nature into culture by transforming the body of the world into our bodies and minds.
   Complex
3. Agriculture has transformed the world, through changes to both landscapes and flora and fauna. 
   Simple
4. Our eating also constitutes a relationship with dozens of other species with which we have coevolved to the point that our fates are deeply entwined.
   complex
5.  Many of these species have evolved expressly to gratify our desires, in the intricate dance of domestication that has allowed us and them to prosper together as we never could have prospered apart.
   Complex
6. But our relationship with the wild species that we eat—from the mushrooms we pick in the forest to the yeasts that leaven our bread—are no less compelling, and far more mysterious.
   Complex
7. Eating puts us in touch with all that we share with other animals, and all that sets us apart.
   Complex
8. It defines us.
   Simple

• Assign a Clause Type to each clause

1. An important theme of this book is that the way we eat represents our most profound engagement with the natural world. Type IV
2. that the way we eat represents our most profound engagement with the natural world Type V, or if REPRESENTS = linking, Type IV.
3. [THAT] we eat Type IV
4. As we eat every day Type I
5. we transform nature into culture by transforming the body of the world into our bodies and minds. Type V
6. Agriculture has transformed the world Type V
7. Our eating also constitutes a relationship with dozens of other species Type V, or if CONSTITUTES = linking, Type IV
8. with which we have coevolved Type I
9. that our fates our deeply entwined Type I
10. Many of these species have evolved expressly to gratify our desires Type I
11. that has allowed us and them to prosper together Type V
12. as we never could have prospered apart Type I
13. that we eat Type I
14. [THAT] we pick in the forest Type I
15. that leaven our bread Type V
16. But our relationship with the wild species . . . are no less compelling, and far more mysterious Type III
17. Eating puts us in touch with all Type V
18. that we share with other animals Type I, or if WITH is a verb particle, Type V
19. that sets us apart Type V
20. It defines us Type V