Clause Types #3

1. SO LONG AS THERE SHALL EXIST - Type I - intransitive main verb - clause ends at Main Verb Phrase
2. SO LONG AS THE THREE GREAT PROBLEMS . . . ARE UNSOLVED - Type I - passive main verb
3. SO LONG AS SOCIAL ASPHYXIA IS POSSIBLE - Type III - BE main verb - adjectival complement
4. SO LONG AS IGNORANCE AND POVERTY EXIST ON EARTH - Type I - intransitive main verb followed by optional adverbial prepositional phrase
5. BOOKS . . . CANNOT FAIL TO BE OF USE - Type V - transitive main verb followed by nominal infinitive phrase

• PRONOUNCED is a past participle phrase - not a Main Verb Phrase
• CREATING is a nominal gerund phrase - not a Main Verb Phrase
• ADDING is a nominal gerund phrase - not a Main Verb Phrase
• CRIPPLING is a nominal gerund phrase - not a Main Verb Phrase
• Reminder: passives are (almost) always Type I.

Clause Types #5

1. WHICH IS SAID - Type I - Passive
2. THAT . . . OFTEN OCCUPIES AS IMPORTANT A PLACE - Type V - transitive main verb - direct object is PLACE
3. WHICH THEY DO - Type I - intransitive main verb - clause ends at Main Verb Phrase

• WHICH IS SAID and WHICH THEY DO are both adjectival relative clauses modifying THAT
• The first THAT is a pronoun and subject of the independent clause
• The second THAT is the object of the preposition AS

Basic Clause Forms #8

1. A SMALL BROOK GLIDES THROUGH IT - independent clause - no dependent marker
2. AND THE OCCASIONAL WHISTLE . . . IS ALMOST THE ONLY SOUND - independent clause - no dependent marker - comma precedes coordinating conjunction
3. THAT EVER BREAKS IN UPON THE UNIFORM TRANQUILITY - dependent clause - THAT is the dependent marker, replacing the subject

• TO LULL is an infinitive phrase - not a Main Verb Phrase
• TO REPOSE is an infinitive phrase - not a Main Verb Phrase
• TAPPING is a nominal gerund phrase - not a Main Verb Phrase
• NOTE: you should be able to recognize the dependent marker for all dependent clauses

Basic Clause Forms #11

1. AND YET THERE WAS BUT ONE WOMAN TO HIM - independent clause - no dependent marker
2. THAT WOMAN WAS THE LATE IRENE ADLER - independent clause - no dependent marker - comma precedes coordinating conjunction

• AND YET is an adverbial introductory phrase, not a dependent marker
• THAT might look like a dependent marker, but in this context THAT is a demonstrative determiner
• NOTE: you should be able to recognize the dependent marker for all dependent clauses

Clause Form and Function #6

1. I SAW HIM RAISE HIS HAND - independent clause - no dependent marker
2. I TOSSED MY ROCKET INTO THE ROOM - independent clause - no dependent marker
3. THE WORD WAS NO SOONER OUT OF MY MOUTH - independent clause - no dependent marker - comma precedes the coordinating conjunction
4. THAN THE WHOLE CROWD . . . JOINED IN A GENERAL SHRIEK - dependent clause - adverbial subordinate clause - THAN is the dependent marker

• The first clause might look like an adjectival relative with a deleted THAT, for it might modify INSTANT, but the coordinating conjunction AND is coordinating the two clauses. More fully, AND in this context is actually coordinating two paired items: an adverbial prepositional phrase preceding an independent clause.
• CRY is a noun, preceded by an indefinite article. OF "FIRE!" is a prepositional phrase.
• NOTE: you should be able to recognize the dependent marker for all dependent clauses

Clause Form and Function #10

1. SHE HEARD A LITTLE PATTERING OF FEET - independent clause - no dependent marker - preceded by an introductory adverbial prepositional phrase
2. SHE HASTILY DRIED HER EYES - independent clause - no dependent marker - comma precedes the coordinating conjunction
3. WHAT WAS COMING - dependent clause - nominal interrogative clause - WHAT is the dependent marker, replacing the subject - direct object of the infinitive phrase TO SEE
4. IT WAS THE WHITE RABBIT RETURNING - independent clause - no dependent marker
5. HE CAME TROTTING ALONG - independent clause - no dependent marker
6. AS HE CAME - dependent clause - adverbial subordinate clause - AS is the dependent marker

• PATTERING is a gerund phrase, not a main verb phrase
• TO SEE is an infinitive phrase, not a main verb phrase
• RETURNING is a present participle phrase, not a main verb phrase
• TROTTING is a present participle phrase, not a main verb phrase
• MUTTERING is a present participle phrase, not a main verb phrase