Section 5: Complex Answers
Below are the answers for the more complex exercises.
Exercise 1
- Decompose each Main Verb Phrase by listing the elements in the proper MVP Formula order
- Identify the Main Verb form
Main Verb Phrases
- Present + HAVE + [-en] + BE + [-en] + DRIVE = passive
- Past + PEAK = simple past
Past + DECLINE = simple past
- Past + ENTER = simple past
NOTE: MOTIVATED is a past participle phrase
- Past + WORK = simple past
Present + BE + [-en] + EMPLOY = passive
- Present + HAVE + [-en] + NOTE = present perfect
Present + HAVE + [-en] + INCREASE = present perfect
Present + PERFORM = simple present
- Past + BE + [-en] + SPEND = passive
NOTE: USED is a past participle phrase
- Present + BE + [-en] + SPEND = passive
NOTE: USED is a past participle phrase
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Exercise 2
- Identify each infinitive phrase, past-participle phrase, present-participle phrase, gerund phrase, and prepositional phrase
- State how each phrase is functioning in the context of its sentence
Line 1
- to a great extent = adverbial prepositional phrase
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Line 2
- of the world = adverbial prepositional phrase
- to eat = nominal infinitive phrase (subject)
- with a fuller consciousness = adverbial prepositional phrase
- of all = adjectival prepositional phrase (CONSCIOUSNESS)
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Line 3
- like a burden = adverbial prepositional phrase
- in practice = prep phrase, ADVP
- in life = adjectival prepositional phrase (THINGS)
- as much satisfaction = adverbial prepositional phrase - NOTE: QUITE AS MUCH could be a compound determiner, which would make SATISFACTION the direct object.
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Line 4
- by comparison = adverbial prepositional phrase
- of eating industrially = adjectival prepositional phrase (PLEASURES)
- eating industrially = nominal gerund phrase (object of the preposition OF)
- to say = nominal infinitive phrase - subject complement (WHICH)
- eating in ignorance - nominal gerund phrase (direct object of TO SAY)
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Line 5
- in ignorance = adjectival prepositional phrase (EATING)
- to eat = adverbial infinitive phrase
- at the end = adverbial prepositional phrase
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Line 6
- of an industrial food chain = adjectival prepositional phrase (END)
- to go = nominal infinitive phrase (subject)
- from the chicken = adverbial prepositional phrase
- to the Chicken McNugget = adverbial prepositional phrase
- to leave = nominal infinitive phrase (subject complement of TO GO)
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Line 7
- in a journey = adjectival prepositional phrase (TO LEAVE)
- of forgetting = adjectival prepositional phrase (JOURNEY)
- forgetting = nominal gerund phrase (object of the preposition OF)
- in terms = adverbial prepositional phrase
- of the animal’s pain = adjectival prepositional phrase (PAIN)
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Line 8
- in our pleasure = adverbial prepositional phrase
- on the far side = adverbial prepositional phrase
- of the increasingly high walls = adjectival prepositional phrase (SIDE)
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Line 9
- of our industrial agriculture = adjectival prepositonal phrase (WALLS)
- knowing the high cost of our food chain = adverbial present participle phrase
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Line 10
- of our food chain = adjectival prepositonal phrase
- in the end = adverbial prepositional phrase
- about the pleasures = adjectival prepositional phrase (subject complement)
- of eating = adjectival prepositional phrase (PLEASURES)
- eating = nominal gerund phrase (object of the preposition OF)
- of pleasure = adjectival prepositional phrase (KINDS)
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Line 11
- deepened = adjectival past participle (PLEASURES)
- by knowing = adverbial prepositional phrase
- knowing = nominal gerund phrase (object of the preposition BY)
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If you have questions about these sample analyses, please contact your instructor or start a conversation in your work group.